Renewable Energy

Hydrogen Roadmap – Fuel Comparisons: Emissions, Feedstock, & CI Scores – Future Of Transportation (Part 3)

W|EPC: Hydrogen Roadmap – Future of Vehicle Transportation (Part 2) – Alternative Fuels – Efficiency & Safety:Trillions Or Billions In Renewable Energy – Vehicles Decide?A Carbon Neutral transportation network could require significant capital spending for a new renewable energy production and distribution systems. Some renewables (e.g. Solar and Wind energy) are variable daytime resources not available during peak energy demand. Hydrogen, Methanol, and Ammonia from electrolysis (eFuels) can be utilized to store this energy.A vehicle’s efficient use of that energy will determine the required energy production and supporting infrastructure costs.

W|EPC: Future Of Transportation – Ranking & Evaluating Alternative Fuels – H2 ∙ BEV ∙ Methanol ∙ CNG Hybrid ∙ Ethanol ∙ Ammonia ∙ Diesel ∙ Biofuels 1) Alternative Fuel Analysis…Will History Repeat Itself?   In 1992 & 2005, the Department of Energy (DOE) created & amended the Energy Policy Act (EPA) that addressed fuel research and tax benefits for vehicle manufacturing. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV), Hydrogen (H2), Hybrids, Biofuels, Ethanol and Methanol were analyzed in 2005, but vehicle manufacturers supported gasoline hybrid vehicles due to technology and production constraints. Since then, fuel cell technology and global, federal, & state emission guidelines have accelerated innovation and the market is now actively deciding transportation alternatives. 2) Small Vehicle Applications:    BEV have taken a leading role in the small vehicle category with minimal competition from Hydrogen. Hydrogen’s price, lack of infrastructure, and safety concerns highlight the risk associated with new fuel applications; however, Methanol may have an opportunity to fill this role.

Webber EPC – Hydrogen (H2) – The Production Roadmap Laying Out The Upstream, Midstream, & Downstream Process – Hydrogen ∙ Ammonia – Q420. Upstream Sources Of Hydrogen – Blue & Green (Pages 4 – 9) :    >95% of Hydrogen (H2) is produced using Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) technology that produces 7 units of CO2/unit of H2 (on average) . SMR w/ a carbon capture system (Blue H2) is the preferred option to environmentally manage excess CO2. (page 7). Green H2 provides minimal CO2 but current technology limits Green H2’s cost competitiveness. (Page 6)…..

W|EPC: Renewable Biofuel Analysis – Refinery Conversions, Crack Spreads, & Risks -Q420. Key Takeaways. Renewable Fuel Production… Just in Time or Too Late? (Pages 4 – 8). California & Oregon have mandated Carbon Intensity (CI) reductions in transportation fuels, which could increase demand by ~350%, from ~400MM gallons/year to 1,400MM by 2025. Ten other states are evaluating similar LCFS programs, which could potentially push U.S. demand toward 2,400MM gallons/year, up ~600%…